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The ESV Archaeology Study Bible roots the biblical text in its
historical and cultural context, giving Bible readers a framework
for better understanding the people, places, and events recorded in
Scripture.
The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Archaeology brings together
expert work by leading scholars of the archaeology of Early
Christianity and the Roman world in the Mediterranean and
surrounding regions. The thirty-four contributions to this volume
survey Christian material culture and ground the history, culture,
and society of the first seven centuries of Christianity in
archaeological method, theory, and research. The essays emphasize
the link between archaeological fieldwork, methods, and regional
and national traditions in constructing our knowledge of the Early
Church and Christian communities within the context of the ancient
Mediterranean, Near East, and Europe. Three sweeping introductory
essays provide historical perspectives on the archaeology of the
Early Christian world. These are followed by a series of topical
treatments that focus on monuments and environments ranging from
Christian churches to catacombs, martyria, and baths, as well as
classes of objects of religious significance such as ceramics,
lamps, and icons. Finally, the volume locates the archaeology of
the Early Christian world in fifteen regional studies stretching
from Britain to Persia, highlighting the unique historical contexts
that have shaped scholarly discussion across time and space. The
thorough, carefully-researched essays offer the most intensive,
state-of-the-art treatment of recent research into the archaeology
of Early Christianity available.
Before the 1970s, "biblical archaeology" was the dominant research
paradigm for those excavating the history of Palestine. Today this
model has been "weighed in the balance and found wanting." Most now
prefer to speak of "Syro/Palestinian archaeology." This is not just
a nominal shift but reflects a major theoretical and methodological
change. It has even been labeled a revolution. In the popular mind,
however, biblical archaeology is still alive and well.
In Shifting Sands, Thomas W. Davis charts the evolution and the
demise of the discipline. Biblical archaeology, he writes, was an
attempt to ground the historical witness of the Bible in
demonstrable historical reality. Its theoretical base lay in the
field of theology. American mainstream Protestantism strongly
resisted the inroads of continental biblical criticism, and sought
support for their conservative views in archaeological research on
the ancient Near East. The Bible was the source of the agenda for
biblical archaeology, an agenda that was ultimately
apologetical.
Davis traces the fascinating story of the interaction of biblical
studies, theology, and archaeology in Palestine, and the remarkable
individuals who pioneered the discipline. He highlights the
achievements of biblical archaeologists in the field, who gathered
an immense body of data. By clarifying the theoretical and
methodological framework of the original excavators, he believes,
these data can be made more useful for current research, allowing a
more sober, reasoned judgment of both the accomplishments and the
failures of biblical archaeology.
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